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Description of Individual Course Units
| Course Unit Code | Course Unit Title | Type of Course Unit | Year of Study | Semester | Number of ECTS Credits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAR364 | POLITICAL HISTORY IN THE 19TH CENTURY II | 3 | 6 | 4,00 |
Level of Course Unit
Lisans
Language of Instruction
Turkish
Objectives of the Course
The aim of this study is to explain the main political events that the world, especially Europe, witnessed in the 19th century and their social and economic effects, and to examine the place of the Ottoman Empire in European politics in this century and the main debates about the Ottoman Empire.
Name of Lecturer(s)
Learning Outcomes
| 1 | Students know and explain the rise of nationalist thought and national movements in the Ottoman Empire that emerged within this context. |
| 2 | Students know and explain local revolts against government, and its consequences. |
| 3 | Students know and explain the reform and modernization movements and their underlying ideas that emerged in the Ottoman Empire. |
| 4 | Students explain the major wars fought by the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, along with their causes and consequences. |
| 5 | Students explain the constitutional movements that emerged in the Ottoman Empire and their consequences. |
| 6 | Students know and explain the causes and consequences of the territorial losses experienced in the 19th century. |
| 7 | Students explain the causes and consequences of bloc formation in Europe and imperial rivalries. |
Mode of Delivery
Formal Education
Prerequisities and Co-Requisities
No
Recommended Optional Programme Components
-
Content of the Course
The course content consists of the following topics: nationalist movements that emerged in the Ottoman Empire, the Greek independence process, the revolt of Mehmed Ali Pasha, the Crimean War, the 1877–1878 Ottoman-Russian War, the emergence of the Armenian Question, the application of balance-of-power policies in Europe, the proclamation and consequences of the First Constitutional Era, the rise and outcomes of the Young Ottomans Movement, the proclamation of the Second Constitutional Era, and territorial losses in the Balkans.
Weekly Detailed Course Contents
| Week | Subjects (Theoretical) | Teaching Methods | Preparatory |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Informing about the resources, content and basic concepts of the course | ||
| 2 | Greak revolt against Ottoman Empire and gaining the independence. | What are the concepts of "Yunan" (Greek), "Grek" (Hellenic), and Neo-Hellenism? What was the status of Greeks within the Ottoman Empire? What were the relations of Britain, Russia, and France with the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century? How did Greek nationalism develop? Which countries supported the Greek revolt and in what ways? What were the stages and outcomes of the Greek revolt? | |
| 3 | The Revolt of Mehmed Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt, and Its Consequences | How were local administrations structured in the Ottoman Empire? How did Egypt become part of the Ottoman Empire and how was it governed? What were the consequences of France's occupation of Egypt? Who was Mehmed Ali Pasha? How did Mehmed Ali Pasha rise to power in Egypt? What demands did Mehmed Ali Pasha make to the Ottoman Empire during the Greek revolt? What were the policies of Britain, France, and Russia toward Egypt? How did the revolt develop and how did it conclude? What was the connection between the Straits Question and the revolt? | |
| 4 | The periods of Nizam-ı Cedit and Tanzimat | What are the linguistic and historical meanings of "Nizam-ı Cedid" and "Tanzimat"? Why was there a need for Nizam-ı Cedid? How was Nizam-ı Cedid implemented and what consequences did it produce? What is the Tanzimat Edict (Firman)? What major changes were implemented during the Tanzimat period? How was foreign policy structured during the Tanzimat period? What were the outcomes of the Tanzimat reforms? | |
| 5 | Creaman War and its consequences. | What does the term "Holy Places" refer to? How did the Holy Places Question emerge? What were the circumstances of Napoleon III's rise to power in France and what were his foreign policy principles? What were Russia's policies and demands regarding the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire? What was the position of Britain and France in the Crimean War? What characteristics did the Crimean War possess from the perspective of the participating states and in terms of world history? What were the general outcomes of the Crimean War? | |
| 6 | Eflak-Boğdan and Bulgarian questions in Ottoman Empire | Where are Eflak and Boğdan located? What is a Voivode (Hospodar)? How was Eflak and Boğdan administered? How did nationalist movements develop and conclude in Eflak and Boğdan? What was the status of Bulgarians within the Ottoman Empire? How did the Bulgarian nationalist movement develop? What were Russia's and Britain's policies toward the Bulgarians? What were the consequences of the Bulgarian uprising for the Ottoman Empire and world history? | |
| 7 | Ottoman-Russian rivalry in the 19th century and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 | Bizans Yolu Projesi nedir? "93 Harbi" tanımı nereden gelmektedir? Rusya'nın 19. Yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ile yaşadığı sorunlar nelerdir? Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun Hristiyan vatandaşlara yönelik reformları nelerdir? Rusya'nın Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndan istekleri nelerdir? 1877-79 Osmanlı Rus Savaşı'nın süreci nasıl işlemiştir? 93 Harbinin sonuçları nelerdir? | |
| 8 | The Armenian Question and its internationalization | Who are the Armenians? What is the historical relationship between Armenians and Turks? What was the millet system in the Ottoman Empire? What rights did Armenians have within the Ottoman Empire? What was the relationship between missionary activities and Armenians? In which articles of the treaties signed after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 (93 War) was the Armenian Question addressed? How did the Armenian Question reflect on domestic and foreign policy? What were the policies of Britain, Russia, France, and the United States toward Armenians? How did the Armenian Question conclude in the Ottoman Empire? | |
| 9 | Exam, Measurement, and Evaluation Week | ||
| 10 | The establishment of the alliance system and imperialism | What is the balance of power policy? How was the League of the Three Emperors formed? What policy did France develop against Germany? What was Russia's position in foreign policy? How was the alliance system established? How was the Entente system established? What is Weltpolitik? What were the consequences of the alliance system? | |
| 11 | The Occupation of Northern African countries | How did Algeria come under Ottoman administration? What were the causes and consequences of France's occupation of Algeria in the 19th century? How did Tunisia come under Ottoman rule? What were the reasons for Tunisia's occupation by France? What were the reasons for Egypt's occupation by the British? How was Egypt occupied and what was its legal status afterward? What were the consequences of Egypt's occupation? | |
| 12 | The movements of Young Ottomans and Young Turks. | What are the origins of the Young Ottomans and Young Turks movements? How did the first organized opposition movement in the Ottoman Empire emerge and develop? What were the characteristics of the Young Ottomans movement? How did the Young Turks movement develop? What were the differences between these two movements? How did the Young Ottomans and Young Turks movements influence the Ottoman Empire? | |
| 13 | Proclamation of Second Constitutional ant its consequences II. Midterm Exam | What are the concepts of monarchy and constitutionalism (constitutional monarchy)? What were the causes of the proclamation of the constitutional regime (First Constitutional Era)? How did the proclamation process of the Second Constitutional Era unfold? What were the consequences of the Second Constitutional Era? | |
| 14 | The Ottoman Empire's territorial losses in the Balkans following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 | How did the Herzegovina Question emerge? How did Austria-Hungary's occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina take place? What developments occurred in Albania? How was Albania's independence achieved? | |
| 15 | General evaluation of the semester courses and review of the topics |
Text Book / Material / Recommended Resources
Fahir Armaoğlu, 19. Yüzyıl Siyasi Tarihi, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınevi, 2018. Oral Sander, Siyasi Tarih, Cilt 1, 31. Baskı, İstanbul: İmge Yayınevi 2016. Toktamış Ateş, Siyasal Tarih, 7. Baskı, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları 2017.
Assessment Methods and Criteria
| Term (or Year) Learning Activities | Quantity | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Midterm Examination | 2 | 100 |
| Total | 100 | |
| End Of Term (or Year) Learning Activities | Quantity | Weight |
| Final Examination | 1 | 100 |
| Total | 100 | |
| Term (or Year) Learning Activities | 40 | |
| End Of Term (or Year) Learning Activities | 60 | |
Work Pacement(s)
-
Workload Calculation
| Activities | Number | Time (hours) | Total Work Load (hours) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Midterm Examination | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Final Examination | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Attending Lectures | 14 | 2 | 28 |
| Self Study | 14 | 2 | 28 |
| Individual Study for Mid term Examination | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| Individual Study for Final Examination | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| Reading | 14 | 2 | 35 |
| Total Work Load (hours) | 102 | ||
Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes
| PO 1 | PO 2 | PO 3 | PO 4 | PO 5 | PO 6 | PO 7 | PO 8 | PO 9 | PO 10 | PO 11 | PO 12 | PO 13 | PO 14 | PO 15 | |
| LO 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| LO 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| LO 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| LO 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| LO 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| LO 6 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| LO 7 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
* Contribution Level: 1 Very low 2 Low 3 Medium 4 High 5 Very High